RBSE class 12. Biology curriculum 2025-26; Download free of charge PDF

Unit -6 reproduction

Sexual reproduction in flower plants

Flowering a fascinating organ of angiosperms, pre-fermentation: structures and events, dust sheets, microsporangium and pollen grain, pistile, megas priority and embryosak, pollination, double fruit, follow-up: structures and event endosperm, embryo, seeds, apomixis and polyembryion.

Human reproduction

The male reproductive system, the female reproductive system, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization and implantation, pregnancy and embryonic development, party and lactation.

Reproductive health

Reproduction health – products and strategies, population stabilization and birth control, medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, infertility.

Principles of inheritance and variation

Mendel's Laws of Inheritance, Inheritance of one gene law of Dominance, Law of Segregation (Incomplete Dominance, Co-Dominance) Inheritance of Two Genes-Law of Independent Assortment, Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Linkage and Recombination, Polygenic Inheritance, Pleiotropy, Sex Determination sex determination in honey bee and humans, mutation, genetic disorder-pedigree analysis, mendelic disease color blindness, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria, thalassemia, chromosome diseases).

Molecular basis of the inheritance

The DNA -Structure of Polynucleotide Chain, Packaging of DNA Helix, The Search for Genetic Materialthe Genetic Material, Properties of Genetic Material, RNA World, Replication – The Experimental Proof, The Machinery and The Enzyme, Transcription – Transcription Unit And the gene, Types of RNA and the Process of Transcription, Genetic Code Mutation and Genetic Code, Trnathe Adapter Molecule, Translation, Regulation of Genepression- The LAC Opera, project-oriented characteristics of human genome, applications and future challenges, DNA fingerprint.

EVOLUTION

Origin of life, evolution of life forms – a theory, evidence of evolution, adaptive radiation, biological evolution, evolutionary mechanism, hardy – vineyard principle, a brief representation of evolution, origin and evolution of man.

Biology of unity-8 in human well-being

Human health and illness

Common Diseases in Humans, Immunity – Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Vaccination and Immunization, Allergies, Auto Immunity, Immune System in The Body, AIDS, Cancer, Drugs and Alcohol Abuse Adolescence and Drug/Alcohol Abuse, Addiction and Dependence, Effects of Drug/Alcohol Abuse, Prevention and Control.

Microbes in human well -being

Microbes in household products, microbes in industrial product-fermented drinks, antibiotics, chemicals, enzymes and other bioactive molecules, microbes for wastewater treatment, microbes in the production of biogas, microbes as a biocontroll ingredients, microbes as biofertiliser.

Biotechnology of the unit-9

Biotechnology: Principles and processes

Principles of Biotechnology, Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology Restriction Enzyme, Cloning Vectors, Competent Host (For Transformation With Recombinant DNA), Processes of Recomminant DNA Technology-Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA), Cutting of DNA at Specific Locations, Amplification of gene of interest USING PCR, insertion of Recombinant DNA into the host cell/organm, obtaining the forign gene product, downstream processing.

Unity-10-ecology

Organisms and population

Populations – population attributes, population growth, life story, variation of the life story, population interactions.

Ecosystem

Ecosystem structure and function, productivity, decomposition, flow of energy, ecological pyramids.

Biodiversity and preservation

Biodiversity biological diversity on earth and in India, patterns of biological diversity, the importance of biodiversity for the ecosystem, loss of biological diversity, preservation of biological diversity.